The first study followed more than 184,000 postmenopausal women for an average of seven years. Those who had less than one drink a day had a 7 percent increased risk of breast cancer compared to those who did not drink at all. Women who drank one to two drinks a day had a 32 percent increased risk, and those who had three or more glasses of alcohol a day had up to a 51 percent increased risk. The risk was seen mostly in those 70 percent of tumors classified as estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-positive. The researchers suspect that alcohol may have an effect on breast cancer via an effect on estrogen in the body.
The risk was similar whether women consumed beer, wine, or hard liquor. Alcohol consumption in any form was the common denominator. What the exact mechanism is that might lead to this increase in cancer is not known. It is suspected that in some forms of breast cancer, malignant cells have receptors that render them sensitive to hormones such as estrogen. These tumors re referred to by doctors as being estrogen-receptor/progesterone-receptor positive (ER+/PR+) breast cancers.
And in fact the study found that alcohol specifically increased the risk most for ER+/PR+ tumors — the most common type of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. In normal circumstances, when women reach menopause, levels of both estrogen and progesterone in their bodies fall precipitously, which, according to the medical establishment, should lead to fewer of these tumors. But the study found that post-menopausal women actually had higher rates of these hormone-responsive tumors if they drank alcohol. And the more they drank, the higher the risk. As I stated earlier, the study found that drinking less than one serving of alcohol a day still resulted in a 7% increase of risk for the ER+/PR+ types of breast cancer. And drinking as much as three servings of alcohol per day vaulted your risk upwards to 51%.
It is important to note that in women with estrogen-receptor negative, progesterone-receptor negative (ER-/PR-) tumors, there appeared to be no link between drinking and breast cancer.
The question of course arises, “Why would drinking alcohol raise the risk of hormone-fueled tumors regardless of receptor sites?” As I mentioned earlier, the answer seems to be that alcohol interferes with estrogen metabolism, which in turn increases the risk of hormone-sensitive breast cancer.
Lea Yekutiel
www.ilovemybreastcancer.com
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